New+concepts+in+Justice

__Changing concepts of Justice__** Society’s views on justice change as society evolves. As we have become more multicultural and there is increased emphasis on human justice in society. An example of this is Ronald Ryan. He was the last man hanged in 1967, because the death penalty was removed from Australian Law.
 * // The conditions that give rise to the need for law reform ://

//__Ronald Ryan and the end of capital punishment in Australia__// Capital punishment had been used 114 times over the 20th century. Occasional death sentences would be passed in Victoria, South Australia, and Western Australia. The last one in 1967 in Victoria of Ronald Ryan for killing a police officer while escaping jail. The issue about Ronald Ryan signals the moment in Australia’s political history when the death penalty was abolished. This was due to public pressure and the changed opinions of the time. Human rights were being more greatly considered, even towards criminals. Everyone who witnessed this event was forever after against capital punishment. It is reported to be said that “Brian Morley, (a journalist) from 3AW, went to the execution with an open mind about the death penalty. To this day he cannot speak about what he saw without weeping.”



To read more about Ronald Ryan, check out these links! [] //[|http://www.executedtoday.com/2010/02/03/1967-ronald-ryan-last-hanged-in-australia/]

Society's views have also changed on physical punishment, especially towards children. Mild child abuse such as parents slapping their children in public are humiliated by public judgement and sometimes are reported to the Department of Community Services. This also means schools don’t use the canes. In January 2009, there were proposals to make slapping children illegal.

//__Children's Rights in Society__

//The United Nations proposed a review of smacking laws due to their convention// The Rights of the Child. The NSW State Government rejected this international trend. This is because parents and guardians believe they have a right to discipline their child in the right circumstances. This law is due to the fact that children now have the same rights as adults, and are more greatly considered. This is because society’s values are changing and children are treated with more respect. Many countries have banned corporal punishment in the home such as Sweden, Austria, Denmark and other European countries. NSW Corrective Services Department recommended the laws be reformed to “reasonable force should not involve use of a closed fist.” Also that the child could not be smacked above the shoulders and only it situations where they need necessary discipline.

This shows how the law has been reformed due to change in society. Children’s rights are considered very important because society now realises how innocent and impressionable they are as young people. Children also can't always control or understand their actions as their brains aren't fully developed. Discipling them helps this but obviously too much violence towards them would create deep psychological harm. It was changed due to public opinions having changed overtime.

[|More about the smacking ban of children]

Therefore we can see through changing concepts of justice through society, laws are reformed. Laws are more relevant towards society and has the rights of everyone in mind when making the laws.